Cape Town - Climate change impacts are already
evident across the US and are expected to become “increasingly
disruptive” throughout this century and beyond, the most comprehensive
US government report of its kind has warned.
The third national climate assessment, released
this month, says climate change threatens US human health and
well-being in many ways, including more extreme weather events and
wildfires, decreased air quality, and diseases transmitted by insects,
food and water.
Climate scientists, environmental activists and
politicians – especially those in the Third World deemed most
vulnerable to climate change impact, like many African countries – hope
the report will mark a sea change in US attitudes to negotiations for a
new global climate change treaty to replace the Kyoto Protocol on
curbing greenhouse gas emissions.
The US did not ratify the protocol and is seen
as the major spoiler in negotiations at successive Conference of Parties
(COPs) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change Convention.
Current negotiations are due to culminate in the signing of a major new
climate agreement at COP2 in Paris in December next year.
Professor Bruce Hewitson, holder of a research
chair in climate change at UCT and a lead author of the 5th Assessment
Report of the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, says the US
report is “perhaps one of the most strongly worded documents to emerge
from within the formal US processes”.
“Coming on the back of the definitive IPCC
reports, which are likewise more strongly phrased than ever before, this
shows that at last the message seems to have penetrated. Whether it’s
too late remains an open question, pending what COP21 does in Paris
2015.”
Hewitson says while the US assessment reflects a
stronger scientific robustness on the regional consequences of climate
change, it’s been released into “a highly polarised (US) society”.
“The initial responses to the report seem to
indicate that the polarisation in the US society has, if anything, dug
in even deeper, if the mocking tone of the minority denialist
community’s responses are anything to go by.”
Professor Harald Winkler of UCT’s Energy
Research Centre and a lead author on IPCC reports, says the assessment
is “an impressive publication, presenting clear information that climate
change is real”.
“To any rational person, this will strongly
reinforce that solutions are needed from all countries, including the US
as the most powerful nation on Earth, and therefore able to take more
ambitious action than others. However, it seems unlikely further
information will change entrenched views among a wide range of actors in
the US in favour of climate action.
While the national climate assessment should be
a game changer, my expectation is that it probably won’t be, certainly
not to the extent of the US taking the drastic cuts in global greenhouse
gas emissions required by science and equity.”
